Here are some resources describing, defining and evaluating fake news, and other hoax media phenomena,with examples:
"Fake news websites (also referred to as hoax news) deliberately publish hoaxes, propaganda, and disinformation — using social media to drive web traffic and amplify their effect. Unlike news satire, fake newswebsites seek to mislead, rather than entertain, readers for financial, political, or other gain." - Fake news website, Wikipedia.org
Fake Or Real? How To Self-Check The News And Get The Facts
How to spot fake news (IFLA) (Poster)
Post-Election, Post-Truth: Beyond 'Fake News' to Media Literacy
(1 hr, 3 min. vimeo, Allison Butler, Mass Media Literacy, lecturer UMass-Amherst)
Fake news (Snopes.com) Examples
How to spot fake news (Annenberg Center)
False, misleading, clickbait-y and/or satirical news stories (Merrimack College) Evaluation tips, example urls
The Principles of Newspeak (1984, George Orwell) (From Orwell's 1984, on Newspeak)